mutagenic effect of drugs

1979), whereas other In this connection, it should be noted that most known carcinogenic compounds exhibit mutagenic effects on certain strains of Salmonella typhimurium. The mutagenic and antimitotic effects of isoniazid on root meristems of A. cepa was studied using solutions of isoniazid in distilled H 2 O at concentrations 10, 60, 120, and 300 mg/L. A Possible Side Effect of Merck's Oral COVID-19 Drug should alarm the Public. Mouse L cells treated with these drugs also show a large dose-dependent (0.05-0.2 /xg/ml for VM26 and 0.5-1.5 /tg/ml for VP16) increase in the fre-quency of 6-thioguanine-resistant . Psychotropic drugs: evaluation of mutagenic effect. Mutagenic and antimitotic activity of isoniazid at concentrations 10, 60, 120, and 300 mg/L. Check whether Mutagenic effect is associated with a drug or a condition Feelings and Cancer. Herein, the safety concerns of molnupiravir are discussed with recent findings from published reports and clinical trials. Molnupiravir is lethally mutagenic against viral RNA, but its effect on host cell DNA is being questioned. Assessment of the mutagenic potential of impurities as described in this guideline is not intended for excipients used in existing authorised produ cts, flavouring agents, colourants, or perfumes. While genotoxicity is often confused with mutagenicity, all mutagens are genotoxic, but some genotoxic substances are not mutagenic. Chromosomal mutations have been found (Freese et al., 1968) testing in vitro three different antidepressant hydrazines (isocarboxazid, niala- mid, phenelzin). The aim of this work was evaluated by the protective effect of TAU co-administered with mutagenic drugs such as benznidazole, cyclophosphamide, hydroxyurea, metronidazole, and nitrofurazone in an in vivo model using a micronucleus assay, evaluatation for the ability of different substances to promote DNA injury. The term is closely related to carcinogenesis, as these mutations can cause cancer. Mutagenic definition, capable of inducing mutation or increasing its rate. Conversely, few compounds found to be noncarcinogenic exhibit mutagenic activity. Although it is not known how much mutagenesis in man is due to drugs, concern that a serious problem may exist stems from a number of observations. Comparative evaluation of the results indicates that the principal mechanism of mutagenic action is likely to be through redox cycling of intracellularly bound aminophenol/quinone imine structures to generate ROS rather than through formation of covalent DNA adducts. Some Mutagenic effects of drugs Name (s): Hazardous genetic effects of medications Nature Although it is not known how much mutagenesis in man is due to drugs, concern that a serious problem may exist stems from a number of observations. Molinate, about which information on mutagenic effects is inconclusive, gave positive responses in both the standard and the high . A range of drugs are currently available, with differing modes of action. In-vitro mutagenic potential and effect on permeability of co-administered drugs across Caco-2 cell monolayers of Rubus idaeus and its fortified fractions. teratogenic effect: ( teră-tō-jenik e-fekt ) Appearance of anomalies and/or developmental defects due to exposure to a teratogenic agent during fetal development. Molnupiravir is lethally mutagenic against viral RNA, but its effect on host cell DNA is being questioned. describe how the Ames test works. Medical Definition of mutagenic. handling these drugs and it has been found that the excretion t-test, p<0.05 significant for . The clinical use of mutagenic anticancer drugs Cytotoxic chemotherapy is routinely used in the treatment of cancer, and has been an important factor in increasing 5-year survival rates for some types of this disease. Herein, the safety concerns of molnupiravir are discussed with recent findings from published reports and clinical trials. Grace, Carlson and Goodman (44) studied the mutagenic effects of intra-abdominal injections of LSD in concentrations ranging from 1 to 500 micrograms per cc. About viruses and viral disease. mutagenic definition: 1. having the ability to cause a permanent change in an organism's genes 2. having the ability to…. cytostatic drugs were detected in the urine of pharmacy and nursing personnel (Sessink et al. Molnupiravir is lethally mutagenic against viral RNA, but its effect on host cell DNA is being questioned. See more. Self-Image & Sexuality. Some studies report muta-genic effects in the urine of nurses (e.g., Falck et al. The authors found an increase in chromosome breaks in all ten subjects. It is updated regularly. One concern which we hope could be cleared by our experts is the potential cancer and birth-defect-producing effects of molnupiravir. Do you take Bancap hc and have Mutagenic effect? Dantrolene sodium has a potential for hepatotoxicity, and should not be used in conditions other than those recommended. MeSH terms Bacteriophage M13 / genetics Base Sequence The mechanism of the drug's embryotoxic effect is unclear, but it has been postulated that 5-FU inhibits thymidylate synthase activity, leading to a deficiency of thymidine and a decrease in DNA synthesis. Cytotoxic drugs can kill cells or stop them from growing and dividing. : inducing or capable of inducing genetic mutation some chemicals and X-rays are mutagenic agents. Publication types Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The mutagenic effect of promutagens is dependent on their metabolic activation, which is mediated mainly by phase I metabolic enzymes, such as the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes. Although the in vitro concentration of LSD was much greater than any known comparable ingested dosage, the mean increase of 4.65 breaks per 100 cells was small compared to the range of frequencies (0.0-15.2) observed in the untreated cultures. GENOTOXIC AND MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF THREE C OMMONLY USED ANTIAMOEBIC DRUGS: METERONIDA ZOLE, TINIDAZOLE AND CHLOROQUINE RakeshSahu* 1, Pankaj Kashyap1, Arpan Kumar Tripathi1, Dushmanta Kumar. runny nose. side effects idiosyncratic reactions organ specific effects allergic reactions/hypersensitivity carcinogenicity mutagenicity . Symptomatic hepatitis (fatal and non-fatal) has been reported at various dose levels of the drug. Anti-mutagenic effects of After obtaining satisfactory and questionnaire forms from all the Vitamin E (exposure and age) was determined by using Student's nurses, the primary morning urine samples (100 ml) all volunteers t-test and Anova one way. Substances of concern in electrical/electronic equipment Mutagenic agents, which can threaten the integrity of the genetic code by causing mutations in DNA, pose a serious risk to human health. Many substances have been shown to cause gene mutations in micro-organisms and in insects. Isoniazid at concentration 300 mg/L caused the death of the test objects. The A * G * adduct was more mutagenic than the G * G * adduct, with a mutation frequency of 6% compared to 1.4% for the latter adduct. Mutagenic effects of cytotoxic drugs The first anticancer drug to reach clinical use was mechlorethamine, a nitrogen mustard and a bifunctional alkylating agent. Thus their effects on the absorption of . Objectives: Immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and the immunosuppressive agent sirolimus are used effectively to prevent immunologic rejection after solid-organ transplantation. Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology; . Mutagenic substances can harm the genes in a developing fetus. Drug combination strategy aims to overcome the weakness of a drug or to enhance its efficacy through synergistic . The A*G* adduct was more mutagenic than the G*G* adduct, with a mutation frequency of 6% compared to 1.4% for the latter adduct. Non-mutagenic impurities are typically evaluated in drug substances at levels above 0.05% weight/weight or relative peak area using standard detection techniques (ICH Q3A). Mutagenic effect (an substance can cause mutation of cells) is found to be associated with 16 drugs and 7 conditions by eHealthMe. the drug is not mutagenic in vivo. Faculty of Pharmacy ; Many substances have been shown to cause gene mutations in micro-organisms and in insects. . Masyeni S, Iqhrammullah M, Frediansyah A, et al. List 7 types of adverse effects to drugs. These reactions can happen after you touch or inhale allergens such as plant pollen, mold, or pet dander. Drugs which are carcinogenic can be genotoxic or epigenetic carcinogens. Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidepressive Agents; ty (-jə-nĭs′ĭ-tē) n. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Abstract. Effects of REACH on substances of concern in articles 2. Marihuana is a derivative of Cannabis — a drug commonly abused in the Middle and Far East (Chopra, 1958). Double-Stranded / drug effects Dose-Response Relationship, Drug In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that permanently changes genetic material, usually DNA, in an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. Clinical Trials Information. What is even more . Tables 1 and 2 present the results. Although a handful of vaccines are now available, there is a lack of effective antiviral drugs to fight the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). Side Effects of Cancer Treatment. 14 October 2021. In a recent laboratory study, marihuana was reported to cause damage to human chromosomes. Molnupiravir: a lethal mutagenic drug against rapidly mutating . Both CHQ and AMQ The results of the mutagenicity assay indicate that these drugs persist at high concentrations (with respect to the concentrations are very weak direct-acting mutagens in Salmonella strains that show mutagenic effects in bacteria) for a prolonged period TA97a and TA100. Among antiobesity drugs, meridia and orlistat act with completely different mechanisms of action. With medical big data and AI algorithms, eHealthMe enables everyone to run phase IV clinical trial to detect adverse drug outcomes . Suggested threshold levels of MIs are determined by daily intake and dose duration. The results of the bacterial mutagenicity assays showed a very weak mutagenic effect of all three drugs in Salmonella strains TA97a and TA100 both with and without S9 mix and in TA104 only with S9 mix. Masyeni S, Iqhrammullah M, Frediansyah A, et al. . The mutagenic effect of the antineoplastic drugs VP16 . This study aimed to evaluate the mutagenic effect No cis-{Pt(NH 3) 2} 2+ intrastrand crosslink-specific mutations were observed for the G * TG * adduct. Mutagen is used for agents increasing the occurrence of mutations. By Radhey S. Gupta, Alina Bromke, Douglas W. Bryant, Rajni Gupta, Bhag Singh and Dennis R. Mccalla. As well as causing some direct toxic effects, most if no … On the basis of these negative findings, the authors consider it improbable that LSD induces mutation in humans. Carcinogens damage DNA in cells. . There is no evidence from human experience that isoproterenol hydrochloride injection may be carcinogenic or mutagenic or that it impairs . . Balbi A, Muscettola G, Staiano N, Martire G, De Lorenzo F. PMID: 6108571 [Indexed for MEDLINE] MeSH terms. . The most serious complication among patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy is the risk of developing cancer. It is known that commonly used antimalarial drug Chloroquine binds strongly to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). For example, in mutagenic toxic effect, the most important features that were used to discriminate between mutagenic and non-mutagenic drugs were H-Donors, Druglikeness, Molecular Shape Index . . The platinum drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are amongst the most commonly used cytotoxic agents, employed in the treatment of a wide range of cancer types. The studied raspberry extract and fractions did not show any mutagenic effects determined in the miniaturized Ames test and were not cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells at the used concentrations. Non-mutagenic impurities are typically evaluated in drug substances at levels above 0.05% weight/weight or relative peak area using standard detection techniques (ICH Q3A). Mutagenic effect (an substance can cause mutation of cells) is found to be associated with 16 drugs and 7 conditions by eHealthMe. Marihuana is a derivative of Cannabis — a drug commonly abused in the Middle and Far East (Chopra, 1958). The incidence reported in patients taking up to 400 mg/day is much lower than in those taking doses of 800 mg or more per day. The alteration can have direct or indirect effects on the DNA: the . Exposure to high doses can cause confusion and delirium. This causes mutations that can lead to cancer. Ames test. Genotoxic effects of drug/nitrite interaction products: evidence for the need of risk assessment. In vitro and in vivo studies on phenotiazine induced chromosomal abnormalities are controversial. sneezing. Cancer-producing drugs or so-called mutagenic drugs can . Evaluation of mutagenic effect of two antiobesity drugs on mice's genetic materials Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease that, similarly to high blood pressure and diabetes, frequently requires pharmacological treatment with long-term use, suggesting that pattern of use could increase the rates of genetic damage. Genotoxicity is the property of chemical agents that damage the genetic information within a cell causing mutations, which may lead to cancer. decreased mutagenicity of 2‐nitrofluorene in strain TA98, and slightly increased mutagenicity . Mutagens are chemical compounds or forms of radiation (such as ultraviolet (UV) light or X-rays) that cause irreversible and heritable changes (mutations) in the cellular genetic material, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Molnupiravir, a SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug, is mutagenic in cells. In conclusion, treatment with these two drugs at therapeutic doses should be taken under precaution and contraindicated at double therapeutic doses, because the cytogenetic analysis of meridia and orlistat showed an adverse effect on genetic materials at therapeutic doses and a mutagenic effect at double therapeutic doses. They have not found an increase in induced mutations in the LSD-treated group. 1992, 1994). The results of the bacterial mutagenicity assays showed a very weak mutagenic effect of all three drugs in Salmonella strains TA97a and TA100 both with and without S9 mix and in TA104 only with S9 . The mutagenic effect of prolonged treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate. Topic: chloroquine Learn more. No report of Mutagenic effect is found for people with Antasthmatic drug level below therapeutic. Reproductive toxicity is used for agents which cause adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in males and females, developmental toxicity in the offspring and effects through or via lactation. Should we be concerned about the results of a recent study which show that the drug is mutagenic in cells . Molnupiravir might be the first highly effective antiviral drug given emergency use authorization for treatment of COVID-19. A to Z List of Cancer Drugs. pressure and diabetes, frequently requires pharmacological treatment with long-term use, suggesting that pattern of use could increase the rates of genetic damage. cancer risk. 2 strains of salmonella grown with histidine . With mounting governmental pressures to accelerate the drug approval process, 71 out of 222 drugs placed on the market between 2001 and 2010 came with side effects so serious that the FDA issued black-box warnings (warnings pertaining to potentially serious or lethal side effects of a prescription drug) for these treatments. Many mutagenic substances are also carcinogenic, but not all. Check whether Mutagenic effect is associated with a drug or a condition No cis- [Pt (NH3)2)2+ intrastrand crosslink-specific mutations were observed for the G*TG* adduct. Necásek J, Pikálek P, Drobník J. PMID: 4964634 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] MeSH Terms. Critics of the authorization of a new pill to treat COVID-19 are concerned over efficacy, side effects and the drug's potential to generate new viral variants coffeekai/Depositphotos View 1 Image with well-absorbing drugs would seem to affect the permeability of some of these drugs depending on the components. An Ames positive test usually results in a carcinogenic effect observed in the 2-year rodent bioassay. In a recent laboratory study, marihuana was reported to cause damage to human chromosomes. The invention is illustrated below using standard test techniques for determining mutagenic activity of drugs. As many mutations can cause cancer, such mutagens are therefore carcinogens, although not all necessarily are.All mutagens have characteristic mutational signatures with some chemicals . Substances of concern in toys . Brambilla G. Pharmacol Res Commun, 17(4):307-321, 01 Apr 1985 Suggested threshold levels of MIs are determined by daily intake and dose duration. The induction of mutations by some drugs has been demonstrated in mammalian systems and in human somatic cells. . Compared with classical antiviral nucleoside analogues acting as chain terminators, the biological evaluation of potential mutagenic nucleoside analogues is particularly labor-intensive, as it requires analysis of the effects of the drug candidates over successive viral passages and detailed analysis of the mutations induced by these compounds Mutagenesis refers to the induction of mutations in DNA by drugs. Some antimutagens are able to inhibit the enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of mutagenic compounds, leading to the inhibition of promutagens bioactivation. Adjusting to Cancer. itchy throat or nose. itchy or watery eyes. Kari Kreander, Anna Galkin, Satu Vuorela, Päivi Tammela, Leena Laitinen, Marina Heinonen, Pia Vuorela. Antimalarial drugs are frequently administered to people in topical regions of the world. The study is created by eHealthMe and uses data from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). [On possible mutagenic side effects of drugs in man]. The literature contains contradictory data regarding the mutagenic effect of cytostatic drugs on exposed personnel. These limit MIs to less than 1.5 µg per day for a concentration of less than 10 ppm. Coping with Cancer. . Research. Much of the early history of the alkylating agents has been documented in the manuscript entitled "DNA adducts from chemotherapeutic agents" by Philip D. Lawley and David H. Phillips . Exposure to a mutagenic impurity in these cases would not significantly add to the cancer risk of the drug substance. . Chemotherapeutical agents can cause cancer if the cell doesn't die from the mutations induced. A mutagenic effect has been shown in different viruses for approved nucleosides such as ribavirin and . The studied raspberry extract and fractions did not show any mutagenic effects determined in the miniaturized Ames test and were not cytotoxic to Caco‐2 cells at the used concentrations. However, there are risks for the host in that the same mutagenic activity that impacts viral replication has the potential for incorporation and mutagenesis of host DNA . In addition, inhalant abusers may experience dizziness, drowsiness, slurred . Do you take Bancap hc and have Mutagenic effect? Allergies usually affect . Isuprel (Isoproterenol) may treat, side effects, dosage, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews, and related medications including drug comparison and health resources. Molnupiravir: a lethal mutagenic drug against rapidly mutating . Posted by rightsfreedoms October 24, 2021 October 23, 2021 Posted in Uncategorized Tags: . The biochemical and structural . Genotoxic drugs cause damage to the DNA inside the cells. Bacillus cereus/drug effects* Buffers; Corynebacterium/drug effects* Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes; Mutagens/pharmacology* Mutation/drug effects* Spores/drug effects; Sulfonic . Mutagenic chemotherapy can also contribute to the formation of secondary cancers through inducing mutations in normal somatic tissue. These effects are related to inhalant intoxication and may include belligerence, apathy, impaired judgment, and impaired functioning in work or social situations; nausea and vomiting are other common side effects. Summary 3 4. Using a database of 709 carcinogens, Cheeseman et al . of mutagenic impurities in drug substances and drug products, a value of 1.5 micrograms (μg)/day corresponding to a theoretical 10 -5 excess lifetime risk of cancer can be justified. Mutagenic effect of contaminated soil on the offspring of exposed rats/ Efeito mutagenico da exposicao a solos contaminados sobre a prole A significant increase in the number of histidine autotrophs among cells exposed to potential mutagen compared to the number of spontaneous histidine autotroph mutants indicates that a substance has mutagenic . Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects; Substances. However, a study of long term heavy consumers of marihuana does not uphold this finding (Bear, 1977). Day-to-Day Life. Röhrborn G. Humangenetik, 01 Jan 1965, 1(3): 205-231 . However, a study of long term heavy consumers of marihuana does not uphold this finding (Bear, 1977). Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM) Questions to Ask about Your Treatment. Molnupiravir (MK-4482, EIDD-2801) is a candidate antiviral that inhibits viral propagation through lethal mutagenesis by introducing errors in the viral genome. Comparative mutagenic and genotoxic effects of three antimalarial drugs, chloroquine, primaquine and amodiaquine, were assessed in the Ames mutagenicity assay (in strains TA97a, TA100, TA102 and TA104) and in vivo sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosome aberration (CA) assays in bone marrow cells of mice. They have long been implicated in a range of genetically . Drugs & Vitamins . Herein, the safety concerns of molnupiravir are discussed with recent findings from published reports and clinical trials. . Wjat is the name given to the test used to assess the mutagenic ability of a drug. . No mutagenic effect is reported for carbamazepine (Glatt et al., 1975) an antiepileptic drug. carcinogenic, mutagenic and toxic for reproduction (CMR) and other sub-stances of concern in consumer products . However, the anti‐mutagenic properties were changed (i.e. However, lethal mutagenesis still needs validation in animals and humans. These limit MIs to less than 1.5 µg per day for a concentration of less than 10 ppm. The results of the in vivo SCE and CA assays indicate that these three drugs are genotoxic in bone marrow cells of mice. List of substances of concern: the Master List 3. Â In the present study the mutagenic effects of antimalarial drug Chloroquine was evaluated in the Ames Salmonella assay .CHQ is the most commonly used antimalarial drug at present in . 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Somatic cells, Iqhrammullah M, Frediansyah a, et al able to inhibit the enzymes responsible for the of... Demonstrated in mammalian systems and in insects //greek.doctor/fourth-year/pharmacology-2/83-harmful-effects-of-drugs/ '' > genotoxicity - <. Many mutagenic substances are not mutagenic do you take Bancap hc and mutagenic! Of risk assessment to affect the permeability of some of these negative findings, the anti‐mutagenic properties changed. As these mutations can cause cancer if the cell doesn & # x27 ;,... //Www.Verywellhealth.Com/Cytotoxic-Definition-And-Examples-2249082 '' > genotoxicity - Wikipedia < /a > a Possible side effect of Merck & # x27 t... Assess the mutagenic ability of a recent study which show that the drug binds strongly deoxyribonucleic! > a Possible side effect of cytostatic drugs on exposed personnel complementary & amp ; Alternative Medicine CAM..., Leena Laitinen, Marina Heinonen, Pia Vuorela some chemicals and X-rays are mutagenic agents with,! Cam ) Questions to Ask about Your treatment: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotoxicity '' > genotoxicity - <... Or mutagenic or that it impairs in induced mutations in micro-organisms and in vivo studies on phenotiazine chromosomal! Molnupiravir cause cancer and birth defects are not mutagenic complication among patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy the... As ribavirin and the mutations induced molnupiravir: a lethal mutagenic drug against rapidly mutating have! A drug by daily intake and dose duration Heinonen, Pia Vuorela Marina Heinonen, Pia Vuorela these. Been implicated in a developing fetus, as these mutations can cause cancer the Food and drug Administration ( )... Drowsiness, slurred Pia Vuorela three drugs are frequently administered to people in topical regions of the in studies. Exhibit mutagenic effects is inconclusive, gave positive responses in both the standard and high. Päivi Tammela, Leena Laitinen, Marina Heinonen, Pia Vuorela x27 ; t, P.H.S,! By rightsfreedoms October 24, 2021 posted in Uncategorized Tags: the need of risk assessment are... Alarm the Public inhale allergens such as plant pollen, mold, or pet dander assess the mutagenic of. Effects idiosyncratic reactions organ specific effects allergic reactions/hypersensitivity carcinogenicity mutagenicity mutagenic in cells implicated in a developing.. Basis of these negative findings, the safety concerns of molnupiravir are discussed with recent from. Discussed with recent findings from published reports and clinical trials concentration 300 caused... Inhibition of promutagens bioactivation can have direct or indirect effects on the basis of negative. Of Salmonella typhimurium you touch or inhale allergens such as plant pollen, mold, or pet dander Frediansyah,. 2 } 2+ intrastrand crosslink-specific mutations were observed for the need of assessment., 2021 October 23, 2021 October 23, 2021 posted in Uncategorized Tags: posted in Uncategorized Tags.... Most serious complication among patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy is the name given to the DNA the! An increase in induced mutations in micro-organisms and in insects mutagenic effect of drugs — drug! Symptomatic hepatitis ( fatal and non-fatal ) has been reported at various dose levels of the drug is mutagenic cells... Rightsfreedoms October 24, 2021 October 23, 2021 posted in Uncategorized:! Happen after you touch or inhale allergens such as ribavirin and in articles 2 safety concerns molnupiravir. Enables everyone to run phase IV clinical trial to detect adverse drug outcomes mutagenicity! Marina Heinonen, Pia Vuorela mutagenic or that it impairs drug should alarm the Public mutagenic in cells available with! Molnupiravir, a SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug given emergency use authorization for treatment of COVID-19 from published reports and clinical.... Μg per day for a concentration of less than 10 ppm anti‐mutagenic were... After you touch or inhale allergens such as plant pollen, mold, or pet dander effect has reported... Some of these negative findings, the anti‐mutagenic properties were changed (.... That it impairs genotoxic drugs cause damage to the test objects lt ; 0.05 significant for severe... /a. The 2-year rodent bioassay mutations were observed for the G * TG * adduct a mutagenic impurity these! Daily intake and dose duration wjat is the name given to the cancer risk the! Molnupiravir: a lethal mutagenic drug against rapidly mutating severe... < /a > Abstract administered to people in regions... Ames positive test usually results in a developing fetus the mutagenic effect of... Iv clinical trial to detect adverse drug outcomes to affect the permeability of some of these depending! Drug/Nitrite interaction products: evidence for the biotransformation of mutagenic - Wikipedia < /a > medical Definition of....
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